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Determine the unknown whole number in a multiplication or division equation relating three whole numbers. For example, determine the unknown number that makes the equation true in each of the equations 8 ร ? = 48, 5 = โฃ รท 3, 6 ร 6 = ?.
Apply properties of operations as strategies to multiply and divide.2 Examples: If 6 ร 4 = 24 is known, then 4 ร 6 = 24 is also known. (Commutative property of multiplication.) 3 ร 5 ร 2 can be found by 3 ร 5 = 15, then 15 ร 2 = 30, or by 5 ร 2 = 10, then 3 ร 10 = 30. (Associative property of multiplication.) Knowing that 8 ร 5 = 40 and 8 ร 2 = 16, one can find 8 ร 7 as 8 ร (5 + 2) = (8 ร 5) + (8 ร 2) = 40 + 16 = 56. (Distributive property.)
Understand division as an unknown-factor problem. For example, find 32 รท 8 by finding the number that makes 32 when multiplied by 8.